Summary

As part of this applied research initiative, Sultan Qaboos University, in collaboration with the Public Authority for Water (DIAM), addressed the growing challenge of increasing groundwater salinity at the Wadi Adai wellfield, located in Wilayat Mutrah, Muscat Governorate. Rising salinity levels have significantly impacted water quality and potability, limiting the suitability of groundwater for domestic and agricultural use. Despite mitigation efforts such as blending groundwater with desalinated water, salinity levels remained above Omani drinking water standards, highlighting the need for a comprehensive scientific investigation.

The primary objective of the project was to identify the origin, distribution, and mechanisms responsible for groundwater salinization at the Wadi Adai wellfield. The study integrated hydrogeochemical analysis, environmental isotopes, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and groundwater flow and solute-transport modeling to provide a holistic understanding of the factors influencing salinity.

The study generated important insights and practical outcomes:

• Salinity Source Identification: Hydrogeochemical and isotopic analyses enabled the identification of natural and anthropogenic sources contributing to groundwater salinization.
• Seasonal and Spatial Assessment: Repeated sampling across different seasons revealed spatial and temporal variations in groundwater salinity.
• GIS-Based Mapping: GIS tools were used to visualize groundwater quality parameters and delineate high-salinity zones within the wellfield and surrounding catchment.
• Predictive Modelling: Groundwater flow and solute-transport models were developed to simulate future salinity trends under different management scenarios.
• Water Management Support: The findings provide scientific evidence to support sustainable groundwater management and mitigation strategies.

This initiative contributes to strengthening national water security, supports evidence-based decision-making, and aligns with Oman’s commitment to sustainable water resource management and environmental protection.

Research Team Members:

Principal Investigator:

• Dr. Azizallah Izady - Sultan Qaboos University

Co-Principal Investigator:

• Dr. Ali Al-Maktoumi - Sultan Qaboos University

Co-Investigators:

• Dr. Osman Abdalla - Sultan Qaboos University
• Dr. Talal Al-Hosni - Sultan Qaboos University
• Dr. Mingjie Chen - Sultan Qaboos University